Cannabis Use Disorder

Cannabis Use Disorder 

Seniors are increasingly embracing cannabis, often for relief from aches and insomnia that come with age. According to a 2022 federal survey , 8 percent of people 65 and older reported having used marijuana in the past year. The rate has roughly doubled in seven years, according to estimates - "Washington Post" 

A problematic cannabis usage pattern that results in distress or impairment that is clinically substantial is referred to as Cannabis usage Disorder (CUD). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) lists a number of factors that define it, such as loss of control, continuing to use despite negative effects, and the emergence of tolerance or withdrawal symptoms. Depending on how many criteria are satisfied, CUD can range in severity from mild to severe. It denotes a condition in which a person's everyday life, duties, and general well-being are negatively impacted by their cannabis use. 

Significance and Impact : 

Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) is important and has an impact not only on individual behavior but also on society and public health.

1.Personal Effect:

Physical Health: A number of health concerns, such as respiratory disorders and cognitive decline, can be brought on by CUD.

Mental Health: Affects emotional well-being by aggravating or precipitating mental health issues.

Social functioning: Affects interpersonal interactions, productivity at work, and day-to-day functioning.

2.Societal Impact : 

Public health concern: As a result of related health problems, puts more strain on healthcare systems.

Economic Costs: Reduces output and could result in higher medical costs.

Legal Implications: Creates obstacles for the law and the police, affecting the judicial systems.

3.Impact on the Family and Community:

Family Dynamics: Distorts and puts relationships under stress.

Community cohesiveness and safety are impacted by well-being in the community.

4.Preventive actions:

Education and Awareness: Drawing attention to the dangers aids in their avoidance.

Intervention Programs: You can lessen the damage by focusing on persons who are at risk.

Understanding the importance and effects of CUD is essential to creating strategies for treatment, intervention, and prevention that work.

Increasing Prevalence : 

Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) is becoming more and more common, which highlights a rising public health concern. This tendency can be attributed to multiple factors:

1.Shifting Perceptions Regarding Cannabis:Changes in the way society views something could result in more acceptance and use of it.

2.Legalization and Availability:Legalization of marijuana in some areas may lead to more accessibility.Increased availability could result in increased rates of consumption. 

3.Youth Initiating Cannabis Use : The risk of CUD in young people increases with early beginning.

4.Peer and social influence:The decision to consume cannabis might be influenced by societal norms and peer pressure.

5.Influence of the media and marketing:The way that media and advertising are portrayed may encourage more use.

6.Absence of Knowledge:inadequate knowledge of the possible dangers associated with cannabis use.

A multimodal strategy that incorporates prevention initiatives, education, and laws that strike a balance between individual liberties and public health concerns is needed to address the rising incidence of CUD.

Historical & Cultural Context: 

Cannabis's cultural and historical background sheds light on the changing attitudes of society and its many applications.

1.Ancient Use:Many ancient cultures have long used cannabis for ritualistic and therapeutic purposes.Utilized in ancient Egypt, Greece, China, and India for medicinal purposes. 

2.Traditional Medicine:Historically, conventional medicine has utilized it to cure illnesses and for pain relief.

Cannabis has been incorporated into pharmacopeias by many cultures.

3.Recreational and Spiritual Purposes:Certain cultures used cannabis for ceremonial purposes as well as for recreational purposes.

Connected to religious rituals in some communities.

4.Worldwide Distribution:Cannabis usage expanded around the world and adapted to regional cultures and customs.

Different regions used different ways for cultivation and consumption.

5.Stigmatization and Prohibition:Cannabis was become illegal and stigmatized in many parts of the world in the early 20th century.

contributed to unfavorable opinions and governmental limitations.

6.Shifting Perceptions:Cannabis opinions have changed in the last few decades, with some states decriminalizing or legalizing its usage.Policy modifications have been impacted by shifting cultural attitudes. 

Contextualizing the current discussions surrounding cannabis usage and legalization requires an understanding of the historical and cultural aspects of the drug.

Medicinal and Recreational Uses : 

The medical and recreational applications of cannabis highlight the plant's diverse history and current uses:

Medicinal Applications: 

1.Pain Control : Cannabis has long been used to treat chronic pain disorders and relieve pain.

2.Symptoms associated with cancer:Some patients turn to cannabis to help with side effects of cancer treatment, like nausea and appetite loss.

3.Neurological Disorders:Certain cannabinoids show promise in treating neurological disorders like epilepsy and multiple sclerosis.

4.Mental Health Conditions:Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component, is explored for its potential in managing anxiety and other mental health conditions.

5.Anti-Inflammatory Properties:Cannabis is investigated for its anti-inflammatory properties, with potential applications in conditions like arthritis. 

Recreational Uses : 

1.Euphoria and Relaxation : Tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, contributes to its recreational usage by causing feelings of relaxation and happiness.

2.Joy in the Arts and Social Life:

Since cannabis is thought to foster creativity and enjoyment, it is frequently ingested in social settings.

3.Cultural and customary behaviors:

Cannabis has historically been used for recreational or spiritual purposes in rites and festivals across many civilizations.

4.Unwinding and Relieving Stress:Some people use cannabis recreationally because they believe it relieves stress.

It is essential to comprehend the various uses of cannabis in order to have intelligent conversations regarding its legalization, control, and possible effects on public health.

Recognizing Cannabis Use Disorder : 

Understanding particular criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is necessary to diagnose Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD). Important metrics consist of:

1.Reduced Mange:Inability to manage cannabis usage, which results in more or longer-than-planned use.

2.Social Deficit:persistent cannabis use in spite of negative effects on social, professional, or recreational activities.

3.Risky Use : using cannabis in circumstances where doing so could have negative legal or bodily effects.

4.Tolerance:become tolerant to the point where more cannabis is needed to provide the same effects.

5.Withdrawal : experiencing signs of withdrawal after cutting back on or quitting cannabis use. 

6.Neglecting Responsibilities: cannabis use causing one to neglect duties or significant activities.

7.Unsuccessful attempts to cut down : continuous, fruitless attempts to reduce or regulate cannabis use.

8.Time Dedicated to Activities Concerning Cannabis:a considerable amount of time dedicated to obtaining, consuming, or recuperating from cannabis use.

9.Sustaining Use in the Face of Issues:continuous cannabis use in spite of knowledge of enduring health or mental issues associated with the drug.

By identifying these symptoms, people and healthcare professionals can determine the severity and existence of cannabis use disorder, allowing for the proper assistance and intervention.

Diagnostic Criteria : 

The DSM-5's diagnostic criteria for Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) include particular indicators pertaining to the disorder's severity. The requirements cover a wide range of actions and signs connected to problematic cannabis usage. Here's a summary:

Mild Cannabis Use Disorder:

 Two to three of the following symptoms must be present throughout a 12-month period: 

1.Cannabis is frequently consumed in bigger doses or for longer periods of time than planned.

2.A persistent desire to reduce or manage cannabis use, or unsuccessful attempts to do so.

3.The tasks required to get cannabis, use it, or recuperate from its effects take a lot of time.

 

4.A strong need or desire to consume cannabis—a craving.

Moderate Cannabis Use Disorder:

4-5 of the following symptoms must be present over the course of a year:

5.In addition to the following criteria, which are also applicable to mild CUD: 5. Recurrent cannabis use that interferes with important role commitments at work, school, or family.

6.Continued cannabis use in spite of ongoing or recurring interpersonal or social issues brought on by or made worse by the drug's effects.

 

Severe Cannabis Use Disorder : 

Presence of 6 or more of the following within a 12-month period:

In addition to the criteria mentioned for moderate and mild CUD:

7. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of cannabis use.

1.Recurrent cannabis use in situations where it is physically hazardous.

2.Cannabis use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by cannabis.

Fulfilling these requirements helps determine the severity of Cannabis Use Disorder and helps customize treatment plans according to the degree of impairment.

Spectrum of Cannabis Use :

A variety of actions and patterns, from occasional or recreational usage to problematic and addicted use, are included in the spectrum of cannabis use. This spectrum aids in comprehending the differing degrees of influence on a person's life. The main categories are as follows:

1.Recreational Use :Use informally and infrequently for amusement, mingling, or relaxation.

Usually has no a negative impact or interferes with day-to-day activities. 

2.Regular Use :Regular use without experiencing any appreciable drawbacks.

Possibly incorporated into social or private routines without obvious negative effects.

3.Use at Risk:Using patterns that could increase the chance of issues but have not yet developed into a diagnosable illness.

Occasionally, adverse outcomes or hazardous actions could be noted.

4.Cannabis Abuse:Involves using cannabis harmfully to the point where it causes substantial impairment or suffering.

Although it might not fully satisfy the criteria for Cannabis Use Disorder, it does suggest problematic use.

5.Dependency on Cannabis:Characterized by a cannabis-related physiologic and psychological dependence.

Withdrawal symptoms could occur for users when they stop utilizing.

6.Problems with Cannabis Use (CUD):

Depicts a range of severity, from moderate to extreme.

Involves fulfilling certain requirements and demonstrating a problematic cannabis usage habit that is causing impairment or distress.

Comprehending the range of cannabis usage is essential for promptly recognizing possible problems, executing suitable measures, and customizing assistance according to the intensity of the problem.

Risk Factors : 

Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) development is influenced by multiple risk factors. These variables include a variety of effects, including social, environmental, and genetic predispositions. The following are important risk factors for CUD:

1.Genetics:The risk may be raised by a family history of substance use disorders, especially CUD.

2.Biochemical Elements:Genetic variations can play a role in the way the body reacts to cannabis.

3.Conditions Related to Mental Health:

People who already suffer from mental health issues, like anxiety or depression, may be more vulnerable.

4.Early Start:Cannabis use that begins early in life raises the risk of CUD.

5.Frequently Used:Frequent and regular cannabis use is linked to a higher risk.

 

6.Peer Influencing : The chance of starting and continuing to use cannabis is higher when one is surrounded by peers who also use it.

7.Family Setting:Unraveling family structures, absentee parenting, or uneven corrections could be factors.

8.Availability:The risk may rise if cannabis is easily accessible because of social connections or local legality.

9.Trauma or Intense Life Experiences:Significant life stressors or traumatic experiences may have a role in the development of CUD.

10.Socioeconomic elements : Substance use disorders may be more common in people with lower socioeconomic level.

Insufficient Education:Misuse of cannabis may be exacerbated by a lack of awareness about its hazards.

Determining these risk variables contributes to the development of tailored interventions and prevention strategies aimed at decreasing the probability of developing Cannabis Use Disorder.

Effects on Physical and Mental Health : 

Cannabis Use's Effects on Physical Health:

1.The respiratory system :As with tobacco use, smoking cannabis can cause respiratory problems.There's a chance of developing chronic bronchitis and other respiratory illnesses.

2.Cardiovascular System:Use of cannabis may cause a brief rise in blood pressure and heart rate.Possible risk for cardiovascular problems, particularly in people with underlying medical disorders.

3.The immune system:Chronic cannabis usage may weaken the immune system and increase an individual's vulnerability to illness.

4.Sexual and Reproductive Health:

Pregnancy-related cannabis use may be linked to developmental problems in the developing child.

Possible effects on male and female fertility.

5.Gaining Weight and Appetite:Cannabis use can cause "the munchies," or an increase in appetite, which can result in weight gain.

Effects of Cannabis Use on Mental Health:

1.Mental Process:Deteriorated concentration, memory, and attention, especially after prolonged and heavy use.

Possible effects on performance in the classroom and at work.

2.Psychiatric Conditions:An increased chance of mental health conditions including sadness and anxiety occurring or getting worse.

Higher incidence of psychotic disorders among those who are more susceptible. 

3.Changes in Mood:Mood fluctuations, increased anxiety, and paranoia have been linked to cannabis use.

4.Addiction and Dependency:Cannabis use, especially frequent and excessive use, can result in addiction and dependency.

When quitting, withdrawal symptoms including anger and sleeplessness may happen.

5.Motivation and Productivity:Cannabis-induced amotivation is the term used to describe the decline in motivation and productivity that certain users may encounter.

For those who are thinking about using cannabis or who are already using it, as well as for the medical professionals who are offering advice and support, it is important to comprehend these consequences on physical and mental health.

The Intersection with Mental Health : 

Complex dynamics exist at the interface between cannabis use and mental health, and although some people may use cannabis for its alleged therapeutic benefits, there are possible hazards, particularly for vulnerable populations. The following are important points:

1.Exacerbation of Mental Health Disorders

For those who already suffer from mental health issues like anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder, cannabis use may exacerbate symptoms.

2.Psychosis Risk :Heavy and prolonged cannabis usage has been linked to a higher risk of psychosis, especially in those who are more likely to develop psychotic disorders.

3.Correlation versus Causation:There is much discussion on the link between cannabis usage and mental health, but it can be difficult to establish a direct causal relationship because of the many variables at play.

4.Dual diagnosis:The co-occurrence of mental health issues and cannabis use might make diagnosis and treatment more difficult, necessitating a thorough and integrated approach.

5.Self-Medication :Some people turn to cannabis as a stress reliever or emotional support system, which can result in dependency and conceal underlying mental health conditions.

6.Impact on Treatment Outcomes : The effectiveness of psychiatric drugs may be impacted by cannabis usage, which may have an impact on the course of treatment for those with mental health issues.

7.Age of Onset : Cannabis usage that starts early in life, particularly in adolescence, may increase the likelihood of mental health issues later in life. 

8.Personal Differences:Individuals react to cannabis differently, and this variability is influenced by a number of factors including heredity, dosage, and frequency of usage.

Healthcare providers must comprehend the connection between cannabis use and mental health in order to offer individualized advice and assistance, particularly to populations at risk for mental health disorders.

Treatment Options : 

Options for Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) Treatment:

1.Behavioral Interventions:

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Assists people in recognising and altering problematic beliefs and actions related to cannabis consumption.

The goal of Motivational Enhancement Therapy, or MET, is to increase a person's commitment to changing.

2.Contingency Management : 

Reward-Based Interventions: Offering encouragement to continue not using cannabis.

3.Support Teams:12-Step Programs: Similar to Marijuana Anonymous, these programs offer a safe space where people can talk about their experiences and get advice.

4.Family Counseling:Engages family members in the therapeutic process, addressing interpersonal issues and fostering a nurturing atmosphere.

5.Medications:No FDA-Approved Drug: Although no specific drugs have been licensed as of yet to treat CUD, research is still being done in this area.

6.Programs for Outpatient Rehabilitation:

Provides assistance, treatment, and counseling while letting people continue with their regular tasks.

7.Programs for Inpatient Rehabilitation:

Intensive care for people with severe co-occurring disorders or CUD in a monitored setting.

8.Telehealth Services :For those who might have trouble accessing in-person therapy, there are remote counseling and support options available.

Successful outcomes depend on individualized treatment strategies that take into account variables like the severity of co-occurring illnesses, personal circumstances, and CUD. In the course of treatment, cooperation between patients, caregivers, and support systems is crucial.

The Legal Consequences of Cannabis Use:

1.Federal Statutes:In many nations, cannabis is still banned at the federal level, which affects the legal ramifications for possession, production, and distribution.

2.Regional or State Variability:The legal status of cannabis varies greatly by region, with some having decriminalized, medicalized, or legalized it completely.

Users have to respect local laws and be informed of them. 

3.Criminal Sanctions:Infractions involving the possession, sale, or cultivation of cannabis may result in jail time, fines, or even criminal prosecution.

4.Effects on Jobs:Employment prospects may be impacted by cannabis usage, even in areas where it is legal, particularly in fields that have stringent drug testing regulations.

5.Visitation and Custody of Children:Cannabis use may affect child custody and visitation schedules during court processes, particularly if it is thought to be troublesome.

6.Professional Licensing:Professional licenses may be impacted by cannabis use, as several professions have stringent policies on substance use.

7.Travel Abroad:Due to national and international legal variations, using cannabis, even in areas where it is allowed, may have consequences when traveling abroad.

8.Public Apartments:Public housing policies may forbid the use of cannabis, and tenants who break these policies risk being kicked out.

9.Effect on Status of Immigration:Cannabis use may impact visa applications or immigration status, particularly if it is considered unlawful. 

It is vital to comprehend the legal environment surrounding cannabis use in order to steer clear of potential legal ramifications and to manage intricate restrictions that may differ between countries.

In conclusion, it is critical for people, communities, and society at large to comprehend and treat Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD). Our views of cannabis are shaped by the intricate interactions of historical, cultural, and legal variables, which also have an impact on its use and possible negative effects.

The rising incidence of CUD emphasizes the value of prevention, education, and awareness raising. Understanding the breadth of cannabis use, early indicators, and risk factors enables the development of specialized interventions and support networks.